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Waller’s reaction function and the implications for a steeper yield curve/regional rebound

Published on September 4, 2026

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By

Bill Hebel

Brian Herlihy

  • In a speech yesterday, Fed governor Chris Waller laid out what is arguably a more dovish message focused on the current trend in inflation (as he views it) moving back towards 2%. While far from giving an all clear sign, he did flag that the August inflation data (next Friday’s CPI) will be a key lynchpin in his thinking as to whether or not policy needs to be more restrictive. He even went so far as to define his own reaction function to incoming data. While it feels a little funny to be focused on an individual Fed governor’s reaction function rather than the Fed Chairman’s himself, his commentary is being taken as an indicator for the core of the committee who remain on the fence regarding whether or not to hike in September. Waller did mention in the Q&A that a 3-month rate of 2.8% would be good enough to hold. A 0.3% MoM reading next week would imply 2.8% for the 3-month average which seems to suggest that we would need to see a MoM CPI # above 0.3% to elicit a hike at the September meeting. While leaving a number of caveats, the statement “I would be inclined to support holding the target for the federal funds rate at its current setting” we believe says it all.
  • Relative to recent bank performance, we believe the impact has the potential to be meaningful. Just to level set, the idea of running the economy hot/easier financial conditions had been accruing to bank performance over the last few months. From 6/1 through 8/18, the KRE was up 9.6% and outperformed the S&P 500 by ~850bps. Commensurate with the move, the 2-10 spread peaked at ~53bps prior to the Treasury Secretary’s intervention at the long end of the curve. From 8/18 through today, the 2-10 spread dropped from ~53bps to a low of ~37bps last Friday and is back to ~42bps today. The KRE is down ~2.6% underperforming the S&P by ~330bps over that same period.
  • So what’s the pitch for the group from here? From our perspective, bank stocks work best when good underlying fundamentals are laid on top of a supportive macro backdrop. We’ve been arguing the bottoms-up supportive case (solid loan growth and fees, benign credit, robust capital return) for some time. Our Quant Team’s recent report (here) also highlighted the attractive cash return yield of the financials sector. The cash return distribution is broad based with 64.5% of S&P Financials posting a total return yield above the 10Y Treasury.
  • We would argue that our regional banks in particular screen well from a total payout ratio perspective with most in our coverage screening north of 75% total payout when considering buybacks and dividends.
  • Even more interesting has been the Team’s highlighting of the cash return factor as a driver of performance. The Cash Return factor constructed using yield, payout ratio and growth has been the best performer within the S&P this year, gaining 13.8% YTD.
  • From a macro perspective, a reacceleration of the easier financial conditions/steeper curve we think could help the near term performance of the banks after this recent pullback. From a short term momentum perspective, the KRE registered a short term oversold reading on 9/1 as measured by the 14-day RSI (see below). Given that the short term consolidation occurred above an upwardly sloping 200 day moving average, we believe it reinforces the KRE’s constructive trend.

Source: Bloomberg

  • Within the banks, we also noticed a discernible trend from pre and post 8/18 with the capital markets names having lagged the regionals pre-8/18 only to outperform post given more concern for the spread lenders due to a flattening curve relative to the capex buildout beneficiaries which have predominantly been the capital markets related names.
  • From our coverage, we would reiterate the Sector Outperform on Fifth Third (FITB) which has been down an above average 4% as being poised for a catch-up trade here. While investors had to digest a bit of the vagaries of the 3Q/4Q compares due to the Labor Day conversion expense saves being more loaded into 4Q (which is logical), FITB’s 2H’26 estimates in their totality were essentially unchanged. We continue to like the name here and while in line with consensus for 2H’26, we remain ~1.3% ahead for FY’27 on PTPP/share. Importantly, our estimates still do not include any rate hikes for this year or next. With FITB tilted slightly asset sensitive (NII +0.42% in an up 100bps scenario), we believe that if the Fed were to raise short term rates, FITB’s NII would benefit at least as much as advertised as their assumptions on betas have tended to be conservative in the past.
  • On the flip side, within the capital markets exposed names, Sector Underperform rated Wells Fargo (WFC) is up 2% since 8/18 as money rotated away from the regionals. We believe that if the curve re-steepens due to easier financial conditions, core regionals like Fifth Third could close the recent gap that has opened up at the expense of Wells Fargo and the broader capital markets sensitive names.

Model Updates

  • As part of a some model housekeeping, we’re also updating estimates for Citizens Financial (CFG), Fifth Third (FITB) & Regions Financial (RF).
    • CFG – We raise our FY’26 & FY’27 estimates from $5.24/$6.44 to $5.32/$6.51. On a PTPP basis, we’re ~1% ahead for 2H’26 and essentially in line w/consensus for FY’27. While our revenue estimates are largely similar to consensus in FY’27, we assume 4% expense growth (vs. 5% in FY’26) while consensus assumes 3.7%. Our target comes up $1 to $75 which is ~11.5x our new FY’27 estimate.
    • FITB – Our FY’26 estimate of $4.13 remains intact while our FY’27 estimate rises to $5.09 from $5.04. On a PTPP basis, we’re 1.3% ahead for FY’27. Our FITB target also rises $1 to $61 or 12x our new FY’27 estimate.
    • RF – We raise our FY’26 & FY’27 estimates from $2.58/$2.83 to $2.66/$2.86. The majority of the delta in our ’26 estimate comes from a lower provision. On a PTPP basis, we’re essentially in line for 2H’26 along with FY’27. Our target remains $31.

Current Rating Distribution

Coverage Universe Percent
Sector Outperform 31.25
Sector Perform 50
Sector Underperform 18.75

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